Author:FAN Wei GE Shumin

Key words:trade unions; youth; migrants; wage income

Abstract:Youth employment has always been an important issue of concern to all sectors. A great deal of research has been conducted on the "wage premium" effect of trade unions, whilst little attention has been paid to whether trade unions can improve the wage income of young migrants. This study, based on micro data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017, empirically examines the "wage premium" effect of trade unions on young migrants. The study fi nds that joining the trade unions can signifi cantly increase the wage income of young migrants; but the "wage premium" effect of trade unions on young migrants is heterogeneous, with a greater improvement in wage income for females, cross-city migrants, especially ones of shorter duration of migration, those engaged in commercial and life service industries, and those working in foreign and joint ventures, state-owned enterprises, and the eastern regions. Moreover, joining the trade unions can also promote the signing of labor contracts between young migrants and enterprises, thereby increasing their wage income. It is also suggested in this study that in the future the grassroots organizations of trade unions should continue to be strengthened to protect the rights and interests of young migrants.

Author:WANG Yanyan

Key words:industrial workers; ideological and political guidance; trade unions

Abstract:Strengthening the ideological and political guidance of industrial workers, educating and guiding them to listen to the Party, follow the Party, love their jobs, and do their jobs well, is an important political responsibility assigned by the Party to trade unions. The problems of ideological confusion and ideal beliefs among industrial workers are not just cognitive issues, but are closely related to the society, environment, and their own practice. Currently, the wide application of artifi cial intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on labor, communication, and ideological and cultural fi elds, and has also brought challenges and opportunities to the ideological and political guidance work of industrial workers. In the face of the new situation, trade unions organizations should take the initiative to be proactive. Starting from enhancing its political, advanced, and mass nature, and insisting on using Xi Jinping's new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics to strengthen the spirit, trade unions should vigorously promote the construction of "serviceoriented, systematic, branded, innovative, and digital" systems, innovate working methods, solve practical problems with heart and soul, and consolidate the ideological foundation of the shared struggle among industrial workers.

Author:HUANG Shuai

Key words:economic struggle; First International; proletariat; international workers' movement

Abstract:The First International was the first international political organization of workers and a product of the combination of Marxism and the international workers' movement. During this period, Marx clearly advocated and supported the basic position of standing fi rmly with the proletarian economic struggle, fully affirmed the important value of the proletarian economic struggle, and deeply analyzed the dialectical relationship between the proletarian economic struggle and political struggle. He also clarifi ed that the economic struggle could be a powerful lever for political struggle and social revolution, and called on the world's proletariat to combine economic and political struggles. These views, thoughts, and propositions are important components of Marxist class theory, pointing out the correct direction for the international workers' movement. Systematically sorting out Marx's theory and practice of proletarian economic struggle during this period, therefore, is of very important theoretical value and practical significance.

Author:PAN Kun

Key words:CPTPP; international labor standards; labor law; Hainan Free Trade Port; household registration system

Abstract:Aligning China's labor law with CPTPP labor provisions is benefi cial for China to integrate into the international economic and trade rules and also to avoid social dumping investigations. Its institutional framework includes principle clauses, substantive rights clauses, organizational clauses, implementation clauses, and dispute resolution clauses. The legal proposal for aligning China's labor law with CPTPP labor provisions can be divided into international and domestic levels. At the international level, the buffer period for implementing labor standards can be negotiated through bilateral agreements, procedural provisions can be utilized to prevent the abuse of dispute settlement procedures, and efforts can be made to timely approve relevant conventions concerning freedom of association and collective bargaining rights. At the domestic level, the CPTPP labor rules can be implemented in the Hainan Free Trade Port in advance. Specifi cally, in terms of forced labor, the focus can be on reforming the remuneration system for prisoners. Regarding occupational discrimination, efforts can be made to reform the household registration system to eliminate systemic discrimination based on household registration system to eliminate systemic discrimination based on household registration. In terms of freedom of association and collective bargaining rights, experiences from CPTPP signatory countries such as Vietnam and Singapore can be referenced.

Author:SHOU Juping

Key words:Fengqiao experience; enterprises in the private sector; harmonious labor relations; grassroots social governance

Abstract:If the "Fengqiao Experience" originated grassroots governance in rural communities in the 1960s, then the successful practice of building harmonious labor relations for enterprises in the private sector in Zhejiang province since the 21st century is an innovation and development of the "Fengqiao Experience" in the industrial era. The basic approach in Zhejiang province includes pushing "extensive mediation" to the forefront, preventing and mediating labor and personnel disputes on-site and at an early stage; attaining "comprehensive governance pervading enterprises in the private sector" to reinforce grassroots governance and prevent issues arising from the source; implementing " Party building in enterprises in the private sector" to achieve "double strongs" ( both strong in party building and strong in development ) that leads to "six points of excellence"(good production, positive corporate culture, harmonious labor relations, strong party leadership, exemplary party member team, and positive social reputation). The trade union helps protect the rights and interests of workers and coordinate them with the development of enterprises. The comprehensive evaluation of entrepreneurs in the private sector is used to guide and promote the "two points of health". The "Fengqiao Experience" refers to the practice of "clenching governance fi st of fi ve fi ngers", which has forged harmonious labor relations in enterprises in the private sector in Zhejiang province. Strengthening harmonious labor in enterprises is of great signifi cance for preventing and resolving potential social risks, consolidating grassroots social governance, and promoting social stability and development amid the current complex and ever-changing economic situation.

Author:CHEN Qihang LI Yan YAN Mouchun

Key words:female migrant workers; motherhood wage penalty; children's migration; two-child family

Abstract:In the context of the increasing number of migrant workers and the growing trend of family-based migration, it becomes increasingly important to properly solve a series of problems brought about by their children's migration. Focusing on the wage reduction issue faced by female migrant workers due to their children's migration, this study, based on the motherhood wage penalty theory and, using the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data, divides the wage penalty of female migrant workers taking care of children into fertility and parenting penalties, and fi nds that fertility penalties reduce the wages of female migrant workers by 2.4%, while parenting penalties signifi cantly decrease their income by 11.0%. In single-child families, the parenting penalty caused by the migration of kindergarten-aged children is the most severe for new-generation female migrant workers with lower education levels. In two-child families, the parenting penalty caused by the migration of infants and toddlers is the most severe for them with higher education levels and is more than four times that caused by migration of peers in single-child families in the same age group. It is recommended in the study that supply of childcare services for two-child families, such as providing affordable day care, care, and household services within the payment ability of migrant workers' families, be strengthened to further unleash labor resources brought by migration and promote gender equality in the labor market.

Author:WANG Caixia WANG Yuting ZHAO Yaopei

Key words:period of New Democratic Revolution; worker education; nurturing individuals for the Party; Marxist educational theory

Abstract:Worker education of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) during the period of New Democratic Revolution is a glorious chapter in the history of proletarian education in China. In this stage, worker schools were established, legislation for worker education was promoted, and the worker education system was improved. Guided by Marxist educational theories and centered on serving workers, the fundamental purpose of worker education in this stage was to educate and nurture individuals for the Party. This period witnessed the development of worker education theory and practice in our country. Hence, worker education in the new era should aim to cultivate well-rounded individuals, guide workers with advanced thoughts, and cultivate them with excellent culture. Meanwhile, an education system should be established to serve the lifelong learning of workers and cultivate a high-quality workforce.

Author:DU Xinxiu

Key words:trade union joint meeting; cross-regional cooperation model; institutional differences; the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Abstract:The tripartite cooperation of trade unions in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao is a pioneering attempt to overcome the differences in social systems and an important measure to promote the integration of Hong Kong and Macao into the national development strategy. Meanwhile it has a profound impact on the development of trade unions in China. The framework construction of this system aims to serve the "one country, two systems" principle, with a reasonable distribution of participating subjects and continuous improvement of working mechanisms. Its diversifi ed promotion path includes the construction of hierarchical and coordinated hardware and software facilities, the worker cultural exchange guided by the spirit of loving the Party, loving the country and the craftsmanship, and collaborative enhancement of cross-sector social responsibilities and benefi ts. The rule coordination in the context of trade unions cooperation in the Greater Bay Area includes "seeking common ground while reserving differences" type of coordination that bridges social system differences, "equality for all" type of coordination that weakens identity differences, and "heart-to-heart communication" type of coordination that cultivates a sense of patriotism. The cooperation provides valuable insights for the integrated development of the Greater Bay Area, trade unions work, united front work, and international trade unions cooperation in the new era.

Author:WANG Lu

Key words:labor ethics; moral criticism; political economy criticism; historical materialism; freedom and liberation

Abstract:Marx constructed his theoretical framework by using "criticism" rather than "moral preaching", whilst moral criticism and political economy criticism constitute the dual dimensions of his labor ethics. On the one hand, Marx employed religious and legal philosophical criticisms to complete the reversal of the moral and practical levels. On the other hand, starting from religious and moral criticism, and extending to political economy, Marx achieved a scientifi c criticism on capitalism. Moral criticism, as the starting point and intrinsic connotation of political criticism, refl ects the basic standpoint of historical materialism throughout, so is the ethical direction under political economy criticism. The goals pointed to by both theories are to achieve human freedom and liberation and are of a high degree of internal consistency. Through the transformation of the dimension of criticism, Marx pushed his thoughts on labor ethics to a deeper, more comprehensive and ampler stage of argumentation.

Author:DAI Wenxian

Key words:national governance; trade union governance; trade union system; trade union governance capacity

Abstract:Trade union governance is an important component of national governance, and the modernization of trade union governance is also an inevitable requirement for the modernization of national governance. Based on the theory of the modernization of national governance proposed in the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Fourth Plenary Session of the19th CPC Central Committee, and the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, this study, taking into account the actual situation of trade unions, explores and analyzes several key issues regarding trade union governance in the new era. It is insisted in the study that there should be dialectical unity in governance of and by trade unions, while governance of trade unions includes participation in governance and the self-governance of trade unions, and the self-governance of trade unions includes the organizational construction and operation of trade unions. To achieve the modernization of the trade union governance system and governance capacity, efforts should be made to consolidate the institutional foundation of trade union governance, enhance trade union governance capacity, and strengthen the governance of trade unions as social organizations. Only in this way can we give full play to the advantages and effectiveness of China's trade union system and promote the modernization of China's labor movement.

Author:WU Jianping

Key words:Workers' Congress; enterprise democratic management; workers' participation; grassroots democracy

Abstract:The Workers' Congress is a basic form of enterprise democratic management with Chinese characteristics established and developed by the CPC, and its development dynamics, participation fi elds, and powers have shown different characteristics across different historical periods. In the revolutionary period, stimulating workers' production enthusiasm was its main development dynamic; in the construction period, socialist ideology and political democracy became the major development dynamics; since the era of the reform and opening up, safeguarding workers' legitimate rights and interests has become increasingly dominant. Moreover, the participation fi elds and powers of the Workers' Congress have also become increasingly clear and rational in the historical development process. They enjoy the right to deliberate and propose on production and operation affairs, the right to deliberate and pass important matters concerning workers' vital interests, as well as the right to evaluate and supervise enterprise leaders, and elect workers' directors and supervisors. These power characteristics both conform to the rational requirements of capital accumulation and take into account various reasonable demands of workers in the enterprise.

Author:ZHAO Wei

Key words:Labor College; CULR; historical origins of the school; historical value of the school

Abstract:Labor College, established by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions ( ACFTU ) in Guangzhou in 1926, has clear historical connections with China University of Labor Relations ( CULR ) and its predecessor in terms of its educational philosophy, objectives, main body, curriculum, and student management. In addition, the legacy between Liu Shaoqi and Labor College, Yan'an Workers' School, and the ACFTU Cadre School makes Labor College the earliest starting point in the history of CULR and the beginning of the ACFTU's higher education for worker cadres. This study explores the historical origins of Labor College and CULR, which is conducive to promoting the current construction of CULR, advancing the development of a curriculum focused on morality and character building, presenting the development of the ACFTU's cadre training program, and enhancing the understanding of the historical heritage of labor education under the leadership of the CPC. Hence, it is of strong practical signifi cance.

Author:TAO Taotao

Key words:young Engels; industrial revolution; reform of the industrial working class construction

Abstract:From the perspective of the early British industrial revolution, young Engels traced the reasons for the construction of the British industrial working class, portrayed the diffi culties encountered in its construction, and proposed reform strategies for its construction. The in-depth thinking of young Engels on the construction and reform of the British industrial working class laid a substantial ideological basis for the scientifi c understanding of the historical formation, current conditions, and future mission of the modern industrial working class. Revisiting young Engels' social-historical interpretation of the condition of the British working class during his time in Manchester can not only deepen our understanding of his ideology on the construction of the industrial working class, but also provide key insights and practical value for promoting the reform of the industrial working class construction in the new era.

Author:LI Min ZHANG Yun BAI Zhenghui YAN Yonglan

Key words:delivery riders; work values; Cognitive Dissonance Theory; decent work.

Abstract:The accelerated development of the digital economy and the innovation of employment patterns have led to the gradual emergence of the issue of diversifi cation of laborers' values, which has sparked scholars' thinking on the work values of fl exible employment laborers. Based on in-depth interviews with 53 delivery riders, this study explored the changes in their work value orientations from the perspective of Cognitive Dissonance Theory, providing reference for promoting decent work for the new employment group. This study found that there are signifi cant differences between the work values of delivery riders and those of traditional formal employment groups, and the work values of delivery riders are characterized by two dimensions livelihood and development. In terms of priority, delivery riders place more emphasis on work autonomy, income fairness, and career development. In terms of specifi c content, the work values of delivery riders include new elements such as time freedom and personal freedom, refl ecting the trend of the transformation of work values towards "postmodern values". It is suggested in this study that the policymaking, platform management, and union work should pay attention to the stage characteristics of delivery riders' work values, innovate the payment period and location of pension insurance based on the characteristics of fl exible employment, explore the implementation of fragmented social security payment methods, and provide convenient claims services to create a fl exible and safe working environment for laborers.

Author:BAN Xiaohui HUANG Chuying

Key words:dispatch of expatriate workers; labor disputes; overseas contracting projects; the Belt and Road Initiative

Abstract:In the context of the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, the importance of protecting the rights and interests of expatriate workers of the overseas contracting projects is becoming increasingly prominent. Current employment modes for overseas contracting projects expatriate workers in China mainly include dispatch of our own employees, dispatch of labor cooperation, and that of project subcontracting. Through the analysis of judicial cases, it is found that the rights and interests of expatriate workers are damaged due to the presence of illegal intermediaries, illegal subcontracting, limited access to legal remedies, and unclear responsibility determination in the stages of recruitment, employment and rights protection, and liability. To address these challenges, China should enforce legal liability for illegal recruitment, strengthen supervision on illegal subcontracting, further clarify the relief paths for expatriate workers' rights, and defi ne employer responsibilities.