Author:TAO Taotao

Key words:young Engels; industrial revolution; reform of the industrial working class construction

Abstract:From the perspective of the early British industrial revolution, young Engels traced the reasons for the construction of the British industrial working class, portrayed the diffi culties encountered in its construction, and proposed reform strategies for its construction. The in-depth thinking of young Engels on the construction and reform of the British industrial working class laid a substantial ideological basis for the scientifi c understanding of the historical formation, current conditions, and future mission of the modern industrial working class. Revisiting young Engels' social-historical interpretation of the condition of the British working class during his time in Manchester can not only deepen our understanding of his ideology on the construction of the industrial working class, but also provide key insights and practical value for promoting the reform of the industrial working class construction in the new era.

Author:LI Min ZHANG Yun BAI Zhenghui YAN Yonglan

Key words:delivery riders; work values; Cognitive Dissonance Theory; decent work.

Abstract:The accelerated development of the digital economy and the innovation of employment patterns have led to the gradual emergence of the issue of diversifi cation of laborers' values, which has sparked scholars' thinking on the work values of fl exible employment laborers. Based on in-depth interviews with 53 delivery riders, this study explored the changes in their work value orientations from the perspective of Cognitive Dissonance Theory, providing reference for promoting decent work for the new employment group. This study found that there are signifi cant differences between the work values of delivery riders and those of traditional formal employment groups, and the work values of delivery riders are characterized by two dimensions livelihood and development. In terms of priority, delivery riders place more emphasis on work autonomy, income fairness, and career development. In terms of specifi c content, the work values of delivery riders include new elements such as time freedom and personal freedom, refl ecting the trend of the transformation of work values towards "postmodern values". It is suggested in this study that the policymaking, platform management, and union work should pay attention to the stage characteristics of delivery riders' work values, innovate the payment period and location of pension insurance based on the characteristics of fl exible employment, explore the implementation of fragmented social security payment methods, and provide convenient claims services to create a fl exible and safe working environment for laborers.

Author:BAN Xiaohui HUANG Chuying

Key words:dispatch of expatriate workers; labor disputes; overseas contracting projects; the Belt and Road Initiative

Abstract:In the context of the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, the importance of protecting the rights and interests of expatriate workers of the overseas contracting projects is becoming increasingly prominent. Current employment modes for overseas contracting projects expatriate workers in China mainly include dispatch of our own employees, dispatch of labor cooperation, and that of project subcontracting. Through the analysis of judicial cases, it is found that the rights and interests of expatriate workers are damaged due to the presence of illegal intermediaries, illegal subcontracting, limited access to legal remedies, and unclear responsibility determination in the stages of recruitment, employment and rights protection, and liability. To address these challenges, China should enforce legal liability for illegal recruitment, strengthen supervision on illegal subcontracting, further clarify the relief paths for expatriate workers' rights, and defi ne employer responsibilities.

Author:ZENG Xiankui

Key words:strengthening China through talent; self-reliance in science and technology; talent cultivation; administration of institutions of higher education; moderate education

Abstract:Human capital is the core element supporting China's independent innovation and high-quality development. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress has once again put forward the strategies of rejuvenating China through science and education and strengthening China through talent, which requires continuous improvement of talent cultivation in institutions of higher education. Currently, the overall level of talent cultivation in China's institutions of higher education is not as high as we expect, which not only fails fully meet the current needs but also has a signifi cant gap with the needs of its future development. The two deep-seated issues that affect the quality of talent cultivation in institutions of higher education are the problem of the administration of the college education and the problem of the East Asian educational mode. The former is the root cause of many distorted effects in talent education in institutions of higher education, while the latter is a deep-seated social problem that largely restricts the high-quality development of the college education. Thus, this study suggests that China's future talent cultivation in institutions of higher education needs to establish a utilitarian orientation, an innovative orientation, a long-term orientation, a competitive and cooperative orientation, an academic-teaching balanced fl ow orientation, and a moderate education orientation. It should adopt a systematic thinking to view the issues of talent cultivation in the college education and take comprehensive measures to promote universities and other institutions to move away from administration in accordance with the modern educational notions of universities. At the same time, it should start from the source, and gradually transform the examination-oriented educational system, reasonably set up the discipline and dynamically adjust the enrollment volume of different subjects according to the needs, and constantly deepen international cooperation.

Author:YU Fengxia

Key words:digital economy; Chinese path to modernization; theoretical logic; strategic connotation; practice path.

Abstract:The understanding of Chinese path to modernization in the new development stage must be closely related to the historical background of global development of digital economy and the profound impact of the digital economy on the development mode and driving force of modernization. This study theoretically analyzes the development mode and driving force of the Chinese path to modernization under the background of the digital economy, and proposes that the strategic connotation of Chinese path to modernization is to develop a high-quality digital economy. The study insists that the construction of Chinese path to modernization must focus on developing the digital economy as the starting point, comprehensively consolidating the foundation of the real economy, accelerating the enhancement of government governance effi ciency, comprehensively improving the universal level of Chinese path to modernization, and actively contributing Chinese wisdom to building a global community with a shared future for the cyberspace.

Author:YUAN Shengjie LI Qianjin

Key words:spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress; labor education; innovative development; Chinese path to modernization

Abstract:Labor education plays a fundamental and strategic support role for the Chinese path to modernization. Looking back in history, the development of labor education in China over the past century has experienced four stages of budding, exploration and promotion, steady development, and innovative leap. It has presented different values: serving for political mobilization, production construction and class struggle, economic development, and quality education respectively. Summarizing the evolution of the past century, labor education has always taken the scientifi c theory of the Party as the guiding ideology, taken the pressing needs of the times as the development direction, emphasized diverse forms of education, and provided a reference for its further development. Looking to the future, based on the analysis of the complex situation of labor education development and its fundamental tasks, the status of labor education should be clarifi ed, the goal of value of people's comprehensive development should be established, the essential feature of combining labor and education should be consistently adhered to, and a multi-party education pattern should be built. In this way, the important support role of labor education for the Chinese path to modernization can be fully played, and human resources for China's modernization path can be nurtured, built and cultivated.

Author:ZHENG Shangyuan

Key words:employment rules; rules and regulations of labor; rule of law; employer

Abstract:Employment rules, known as "labor regulations and rules of the employer", are "internal rules" formulated by the employer in accordance with legal procedures for employing a certain number of people. Although the nature of such rules varies among various scholarly viewpoints, their normativity has been accepted in both theoretical and practical circles. In other words, employment rules have corresponding constraints on both employees and employers. The completeness of employment rules, which can also be regarded as a measure of harmonious labor relations, is related to the effective implementation of labor laws. Whilst article 4 of the Labor Contract Law stipulates the "Labor Regulations and Rules of the Employer", a single article cannot cover all the contents of this system. As the current academic and judicial practice in China is still in the early stage of understanding the name, nature, and effectiveness of the employment rules system, employees are frequently infl uenced by "violations of employer rules and regulations". In addition, as the boundaries of such rules are unclear, implementing the employment rules and regulations of employers often serves as excuses and pretexts for employers. Therefore, improving the employment rules and regulations and shaping its legal principles are the key to having organized labor and avoiding arbitrary employer management, as well as providing an important indicator for creating harmonious labor relations.

Author:YANG Zhiming

Key words:the new era; harmonious labor relations; new development concept; labor relations governance; labor relations research

Abstract:Labor relations are not only a signifi cant theoretical issue that needs to be explored in the new industrialization and industrial upgrading, but also a major practical issue that needs to be resolved in the sharing of development under the guidance of the new development concept. The significance of studying issues of harmonious labor relations, government intervention in labor relations adjustment, the history of labor relations governance in China, and the role of the government in the construction of harmonious labor relations, etc. is to provide references for the construction of harmonious labor relations in the new era. The study suggests that, starting from the reality of promoting China's economic transformation, learning from the experience of market economy countries, and drawing lessons from foreign labor-capital conflicts, deeply understanding and grasping the development patterns of labor relations in the new era is the key for China to explore and develop harmonious labor relations. The study of labor relations, thus, should be based on the national conditions, deepening from practice to theory, and returning theory to practice, rationally and objectively analyzing the fundamental issues that need to be resolved in labor practice, so as to make signifi cant contributions to set up harmonious labor relations in China.

Author:DONG Daqian

Key words:Marxism; labor; value of labor; community

Abstract:Labor and community are the core issues of Marxist philosophy. The happiness of people is the practical embodiment of the unity of the two, and the construction of social community of human beings should be achieved through labor. Starting from the ontology of labor, Marx expounded the nature of labor philosophy by the defi nition of labor and the criticism on alienated labor, whilst he also elaborated on the value purpose of labor happiness through labor and human's free rights, and people's self-confi rmation and development needs. Based on this theoretical premise, taking labor as the logical starting point of human's free and all-round development and the fundamental basis for the historical construction of human social community, and through the two-way movement of subject objectifi cation and object subjectization, Marx perceived the unity relationship between human and human self-isomorphism, human and natural life community, and human and the community of human destiny is historically established, so as to realize the original pursuit of happiness of all people, making human society a happy community.

Author:Tomoaki Ishii

Key words:child-reduction era; youth employment in Japan; labor market; reform measures

Abstract:At present, unemployed young people who are homebodies "closed to themselves" with their spirit "introverted" are becoming a serious social problem in Japan. This study examines the current employment situation and problems of the youth from aspects of the measures taken by the Japanese government to address the problems of child-reduction and youth employment, employment of the youth and the labor market, and the challenges faced by the unemployed youth in both the public and private sectors. The study fi nds that, despitevarious measures taken by the government, many young people living in distress,in reality, are still not covered by employment and livelihood support measures and cannot get their corresponding services, whereas the government is seeking further improvement measures. Hence, there is still a long way to go before we can fundamentally solve the problems of youth employment in Japan in the period of childlessness.

Author:FAN Ming

Key words:overwork; labor productivity; public policy; institutional factors

Abstract:The fundamental objective of the study is to provide a basis for the formulation of public policies to curb overwork. To this end, it is necessary to examine overwork not only from the perspective of medicine, but also that of the public policy. The research analyzes factors of labor productivity and institutions leading to excessive labor in the historical evolution from primitive society, agricultural society, industrial society to post-industrial society, examines the historical evolution of overwork, and explores the focus of public policies to curb overwork. The study concludes that the formation of overwork is infl uenced by factors such as labor productivity and institutions concerned. To be specifi c, workers who seek to maximize utility choose to work excessively in conditions of low labor productivity. Under this situation, public policy intervention is neither necessary nor effective. Instead, only when excessive work is caused by the system is there a certain amount of room for the public policy to manoeuvre.

Author:LI Changan LIU Zhenxiu

Key words:employment discrimination; employment equity; high-quality and full employment; labor market; human resource

Abstract:Employment is the most basic livelihood, whilst elimination of employment discrimination is the key to achieving quality development of the national economy. This study, by reviewing the literature related to employment discrimination and taking into account its main types and manifestations in the current labor market, analyzes the causes of employment discrimination and its negative effects on the employment market, and fi nds that with the development of society, the types of employment discrimination are becoming diversifi ed such as discrimination in household registration, gender, age, and health, etc., leading to hazards of the fragmentation of China's labor market, poor fl ow of human resources, and a strong sense of inequity among workers. The study suggests that China should improve relevant employment regulations, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of employees, create a fair and rule-based labor market environment, and promote the realization of high-quality and full employment. Key words: employment discrimination; employment equity; high-quality and full employment; labor market; human resource